Thyroid cancer | (Papillary, Follicular, Medullary & Anaplastic) | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

in this video we'll be talking about thyroid cancer this is a USMLE step one high yield video stay tuned till the end thyroid cancer is increasing day by day and worldwide it's a big concern so let us look at the cellular presentation of the thyroid gland tumors so this is a generic presentation of a thyroid gland tumor so if we cut a cross section across the tumor we would see this is the normal thyroid follicle here you can see thyroid follicular cells lining the follicle and inside that there would be colloid and the colloid is enriched with thyroglobulin which is the raw material for making thyroid hormone and now let's look at a transformed follicle which has undergone an oncogenic transformation these cells are highly irregular in shape and size they have bigger nucleus more mitotic cells and increased thyroglobulin content in the follicle high risk with many mutations like red mutations PTC mutations BDF mutations or sometimes it it has a correlation with childhood irradiation so the papillary carcinoma are generally metastatic papillonic arcinoma has a tendency to metastasize to early local lymph node with more than 50 percent of patient having nodal involvement at presentation so lymph node involvement is there and basically the ipsilateral jugular chain of lymph nodes are affected first in 50 of the children and 20 percent of the adult the cervical lymph nodes are palpable and can be detectable okay can be detected by the time of diagnosis just by palpating that now follicular carcinoma is bit different microscopically these cancer shows features like microfolecules with overlapping and crowding so sometimes there are no too minimal colloid present in the follicle you can see the histological section here there are very less amount of colloid there and the Nuclear So The Irregular nuclear size is pretty much a distinctive feature of this cancer so there are moderate to no cytoplasm so here is the clinical Focus generally there might be invasiveness of this cancer so obviously it has the capability of metastasis and that's what basically differentiate it from the follicular adenoma now medullary carcinoma is the carcinoma for C cells C cells